Kupu Whakataki
muka karāhe he rauemi maha ngā whakamahinga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga, te motuka, te moana, me te rererangi nā te mea he kaha, he pakari, he māmā hoki. E rua ngā momo whakakaha muka karāhe e whakamahia whānuitia anawhāriki miro tapatapahi (CSM) mepapanga muka karāhe whatuAhakoa e mahi ana rāua hei whakapakari i ngā rauemi hiato, he āhuatanga motuhake ō rāua e pai ai mō ngā whakamahinga rerekē.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te miro tapatapahi me te muka karāhe whatu, tae atu ki ā rāua tukanga hanga, ngā āhuatanga miihini, ngā tono, me ngā painga.
1. Tukanga Hanga
Whāriki Whenu Tapatapahi (CSM)
He mea hanga mai i ngā muka karāhe poto kua tohatoha matapōkeretia (1-2 inihi te roa) kua herea ngātahi ki tētahi here wairewa-kapia.
I hangaia mā te tapatapahi i ngā miro karāhe tonu, ka whakamararatia ki runga i te whitiki kawe, ka whakamahia he here hei pupuri i a rātou.
E wātea ana i roto i ngā taumaha rerekē (hei tauira, 1 auneke/putu² ki te 3 auneke/putu²) me ngā matotoru.
Kakahu muka karāhe whatu
I hangaia mā te whatu i ngā miro muka karāhe tonu kia rite te tauira (hei tauira, te whatu mania, te whatu twill, te whatu satin rānei).
Mā te tukanga raranga ka hangaia he hanganga pakari, rite ki te mata whatu me ngā muka e rere ana i te 0.° me te 90° ngā aronga, e whakarato ana i te kaha o te aronga.
E wātea ana i roto i ngā taumaha me ngā momo kāhua raranga rerekē, e pā ana ki te ngāwari me te kaha.
Rerekētanga Matua:
Kāore te CSM e ahu whakamua (isotropic) nā te aronga muka matapōkere, engarimuka karāhe whatu haereere he ahunga kore (anisotropic) nā tōna raranga hanganga.
2.Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini
| Taonga | Whāriki Miro Tapatapahi (CSM) | Kakahu muka karāhe whatu |
| Kaha | Te kaha kume iti ake nā ngā muka matapōkere | Te kaha kume teitei ake nā te mea kua whakarārangihia ngā muka |
| Te pakari | Kāore i te pakari, he ngāwari ake | He pakari ake, he pai ake te pupuri i tōna āhua |
| Ātete Pānga | Pai (ka mimiti matapōkeretia te pūngao e ngā muka) | Tino pai (ka tohatoha pai te muka i te kawenga) |
| Te Whakaōrite | He māmā ake te hanga hei āhua uaua | Kāore i te ngāwari, he uaua ake te whakairi ki runga i ngā piko |
| Te mimiti o te kapia | Te nui ake o te mimiti kapia (40-50%) | He iti ake te mimiti o te kapia (30-40%) |
He aha te Hiranga:
CSM He mea tino pai mō ngā kaupapa e hiahia ana kia ngāwari te hanga, kia ōrite te kaha ki ngā taha katoa, pērā i ngā takere poti, i ngā whare kaukau rānei.
Fiberglass whatu haereere he pai ake mō ngā tono kaha-teitei pērā i ngā panera motuka, ngā wāhanga hanganga rānei e hiahiatia ana he whakapakari ahunga.
3. Ngā tono i roto i ngā ahumahi rerekē
Whāriki Whenu Tapatapahi Ngā Whakamahinga (CSM):
✔Ahumahi Moana–Ngā takere poti, ngā papa (he pai mō te ārai wai).
✔Aunoa–Ngā wāhanga kore-hanganga pērā i ngā panera o roto.
✔Hanganga–Te tuanui, ngā kaukau, me ngā tūru kaukau.
✔Mahi Whakatika–He ngāwari te paparanga mō ngā whakatikatika tere.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Kakahu muka karāhe whatu:
✔Rererangi–Ngā wāhanga mama, kaha teitei.
✔Aunoa–Ngā panera tinana, ngā kaipahua (me tino pakari).
✔Pūngao Hau–Ngā mata o te tāpine (me kaha te ahunga).
✔Ngā Taputapu Hākinakina–Ngā anga pahikara, ngā rākau hōkī.
Ngā Kōrero Matua:
CSM he mea pai rawa atu mō ngā whakakaha iti te utu, mō te kaupapa whānui.
Karāhe whatu he pai ake mō ngā tono mahi teitei, e mau ana i te kawenga.
4. Ngāwari ki te Whakamahi me te Whakahaere
Whāriki Whenu Tapatapahi (CSM)
✅He māmā ake te tapahi me te hanga–Ka taea te kutikuti.
✅He pai te hangai ki ngā piko–He pai mō ngā pokepokea uaua.
✅Me nui ake te kapia–Ka nui ake te wai e mimiti ana, ka piki ake te utu o ngā rauemi.
Kakahu muka karāhe whatu
✅He kaha ake engari he iti ake te ngāwari–Me tapahi tika.
✅He pai ake mō ngā mata papatahi, paku piko rānei–He uaua ake te hipoki ki ngā kokonga koi.
✅He iti ake te mimiti o te kapia–He iti ake te utu mō ngā kaupapa nunui.
Tohutohu Ngaio:
He pai ake ki ngā tīmata te CSM nā te mea'he ngāwari, he ngāwari hoki te mahi tahi me.
Ka whiriwhiri ngā tohunga muka karāhe whatu haereere mō te tika me te kaha.
5.Whakataurite Utu
| Tauwehenga | Whāriki Miro Tapatapahi (CSM) | Kakahu muka karāhe whatu |
| Utu Rauemi | Iti iho (hangahanga māmā) | Teitei ake (ka tāpirihia te utu e te raranga) |
| Te Whakamahinga o te Resin | Teitei ake (he nui ake te kapia e hiahiatia ana) | Iti iho (he iti ake te kapia e hiahiatia ana) |
| Te utu mahi | He tere ake te whakamahi (he māmā ake te whakahaere) | Me nui ake ngā pūkenga e hiahiatia ana (te whakarite tika) |
Ko tēhea te mea he iti ake te ōhanga?
CSM He iti ake te utu i te tīmatanga engari me nui ake pea te kapia.
Fiberglass whatu haereere he nui ake te utu tīmatanga engari he pai ake te ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha.
6. Ko tēhea te mea me whiriwhiri e koe?
Āhea te WhakamahiWhāriki Whenu Tapatapahi (CSM):
Me tere, me ngāwari te whakatakoto mō ngā āhua uaua.
Te mahi i ngā kaupapa kore-hanganga, whakapaipai, whakatikatika rānei.
He āwangawanga te tahua.
Āhea te Whakamahi i te Kakahu Karāhe Whatu:
E hiahiatia ana te kaha me te pakari teitei.
Te mahi i ngā hanganga e pikau ana i te kawenga (hei tauira, ngā wāhanga motuka, ngā wāhanga rererangi).
Me pai ake te āhua o te mata (he maeneene ake te āhua o te papanga whatu).
Whakamutunga
Ngā mea e ruawhāriki miro tapatapahi (CSM) mepapanga muka karāhe whatu he rauemi whakapakari nui i roto i te hanga hiato, engari he rerekē ngā mahi e mahia ana e rātou.
CSMhe utu whaitake, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi, ā, he pai mō te whakakaha whānui.
Karāhe whatu he kaha ake, he pakari ake, ā, he pai rawa atu mō ngā mahi tino mahi.
Mā te mārama ki ō rātou rerekētanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi tika mō tō kaupapa, kia pai ai te mahi me te whai hua o te utu.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-04-2025
