Ka honoa ngā rauemi hiato katoa ki ngā muka whakakaha me te rauemi kirihou. He mea nui te mahi a te kapia i roto i ngā rauemi hiato. Ko te whiriwhiri i te kapia e whakatau ana i te raupapa o ngā tawhā tukanga āhuatanga, ētahi āhuatanga miihini me te mahi (ngā āhuatanga wera, te mura, te ātete taiao, me ētahi atu), ko ngā āhuatanga kapia he mea nui hoki ki te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga miihini o ngā rauemi hiato. Ina whiriwhiria te kapia, ka whakatauhia aunoa te matapihi e whakatau ana i te whānuitanga o ngā tukanga me ngā āhuatanga o te hiato. Ko te kapia whakamahana he momo kapia e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā hiato matrix kapia nā te mea he pai te hanga. Ko ngā kapia whakamahana he wai, he haurua-totoka rānei i te pāmahana rūma, ā, i roto i te ariā he rite ake ki ngā monomer e hanga ana i te kapia whakamahana i te kapia whakamahana i te āhua whakamutunga. I mua i te whakamaroketanga o ngā kapia whakamahana, ka taea te tukatuka ki ngā āhua rerekē, engari i muri i te whakamaroketanga mā te whakamahi i ngā kaihoko whakamaroke, ngā kaiwhakaoho, te wera rānei, kāore e taea te hanga anō nā te mea ka hangaia ngā hononga matū i te wā e whakamaroke ana, ka huri ngā ngota iti ki ngā polymer mārō e toru-ahu ana te roa me ngā taumaha ngota teitei ake.
He maha ngā momo kapia whakamahana, ko ngā kapia phenolic te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana,ngā kapia epoxy, ngā kapia hōiho-bis, ngā kapia winira, ngā kapia phenolic, me ētahi atu
(1) He kapia whakamahana wawe te kapia phenolic, he pai te piri, he pai te ātete ki te wera me ngā āhuatanga dielectric i muri i te whakamaroke, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga tino pai ko ngā āhuatanga ātete mura, he iti te tere tuku wera, he iti te matotoru paowa, me te mura. He iti ake te paitini o te hau e tukuna ana. He pai te tukatuka, ā, ka taea te hanga i ngā wāhanga rauemi hiato mā te hanga, te takai, te whakatakoto ā-ringa, te rehu, me ngā tukanga pultrusion. He maha ngā rauemi hiato kei runga i te kapia phenolic e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rauemi whakapaipai o roto o ngā waka rererangi ā-iwi.
(2)Kapia epoxyHe matūriki kapia tōmua tēnei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hanganga waka rererangi. He maha ngā momo rauemi e tohuhia ana e ia. Ka taea e ngā momo matūriki me ngā whakatere te whiwhi i te awhe pāmahana whakamaroke mai i te pāmahana rūma ki te 180 ℃; he nui ake ngā āhuatanga miihini; he pai te momo taurite muka; he ātete ki te wera me te makuku; he tino pakari; he tino pai te hanga (he pai te kapi, he matotoru kapia ngawari, he pai te rere, he whānui pehanga, me ētahi atu); he pai mō te hanga tahi-whakamao whānui o ngā wāhanga nui; he iti te utu. Ko te tukanga hanga pai me te tino pakari o te kapia epoxy e noho ana i tētahi tūranga nui i roto i te matūriki kapia o ngā rauemi hiato matatau.
(3)kapia winiraE mōhiotia ana ko tētahi o ngā kapia tino ātete-waikura. Ka taea e ia te tu atu ki te nuinga o ngā waikawa, te kawakore, ngā otinga tote me ngā rauemi whakarewa kaha. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga pepa, te ahumahi matū, te hikohiko, te hinu, te rokiroki me te kawe waka, te tiaki taiao, ngā kaipuke, te ahumahi rama motuka. He āhuatanga ōna o te polyester kore-mākū me te kapia epoxy, nō reira he pai ngā āhuatanga miihini o te kapia epoxy me te mahi tukatuka pai o te polyester kore-mākū. Haunga te ātete waikura tino pai, he pai hoki te ātete wera o tēnei momo kapia. Kei roto ko te momo paerewa, te momo pāmahana teitei, te momo ātete mura, te momo ātete pānga me ētahi atu momo. Ko te whakamahinga o te kapia vinyl i roto i te kirihou whakakaha muka (FRP) e hangai ana ki te whakatakoto-ā-ringa, inā koa i roto i ngā tono ārai-waikura. I te whanaketanga o te SMC, he tino kitea hoki tana whakamahinga i tēnei whakaaro.
(4) Kua whakawhanakehia te kapia bismaleimide kua whakarerekētia (e kiia nei ko te kapia bismaleimide) hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā waka rererangi whawhai hou mō te hanganga kapia hiato. Kei roto i ēnei whakaritenga: ngā wāhanga nui me ngā kōtaha uaua i te 130 ℃ Te hanga wāhanga, me ētahi atu. Ki te whakatauritea ki te kapia epoxy, ko te kapia Shuangma te mea nui ko te ātete ki te haumākū me te wera me te pāmahana whakahaere teitei; ko te ngoikoretanga ko te kaha ki te hanga kāore i te pai ki te kapia epoxy, ā, he teitei te pāmahana whakaora (te whakaora i runga ake i te 185 ℃), ā, me 200 ℃ te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana. Mō te wā roa rānei i te pāmahana i runga ake i te 200 ℃.
(5) He iti te pūmau dielectric o te kapia cyanide (qing diacoustic) ester (2.8~3.2) me te tino iti o te mate dielectric tangent (0.002~0.008), he teitei te pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe (240~290℃), he iti te whakahekenga, he iti te mimiti makuku, he pai ngā āhuatanga miihini me ngā āhuatanga here, ā, he rite te hangarau tukatuka ki te kapia epoxy.
I tēnei wā, e toru ngā āhuatanga e whakamahia ana ngā kapia cyanate: ngā papa ara iahiko tānga mō ngā rauemi hanganga tuku ngaru tere-teitei me te auau-teitei, me ngā rauemi hanganga hiato mahi-teitei mō te rererangi.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te mahi a te kapia epoxy ehara i te mea e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga hangahanga anake, engari e whakawhirinaki ana hoki ki te hanganga ngota. Ko te rōpū glycidyl i roto i te kapia epoxy he wāhanga ngāwari, ka taea te whakaiti i te matotoru o te kapia me te whakapai ake i te mahi tukanga, engari i te wa ano ka whakaiti i te ātete wera o te kapia kua rongoatia. Ko ngā huarahi matua ki te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga wera me te miihini o ngā kapia epoxy kua rongoatia ko te taumaha ngota iti me te maha o ngā mahi hei whakanui ake i te kiato hononga whakawhiti me te whakauru i ngā hanganga pakari. Ko te tikanga, ko te whakaurunga o te hanganga pakari ka arahi ki te hekenga o te wairewa me te pikinga o te matotoru, ka arahi ki te hekenga o te mahi tukanga kapia epoxy. Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te ātete pāmahana o te pūnaha kapia epoxy he āhuatanga tino nui. Mai i te tirohanga o te kapia me te kaihoko whakaora, ko te nui ake o ngā rōpū mahi, ko te nui ake o te kiato hononga whakawhiti. Ko te teitei ake o te Tg. Mahi motuhake: Whakamahia te kapia epoxy maha-mahi, te kaihoko whakaora rānei, whakamahia te kapia epoxy teitei-parakore. Ko te tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te tāpiri i tētahi ōwehenga o te kapia epoxy o-methyl acetaldehyde ki roto i te pūnaha whakaora, he pai te pānga me te iti o te utu. Ko te nui ake o te taumaha ngota toharite, ko te whaiti ake o te tohatoha taumaha ngota, ā, ko te teitei ake o te Tg. Mahi motuhake: Whakamahia he kapia epoxy maha-mahi, he kaihoko whakaora rānei, he tikanga kē atu rānei me te tohatoha taumaha ngota ōrite.
Hei matihiko kapia mahi-teitei e whakamahia ana hei matihiko hiato, me tutuki i ōna āhuatanga maha, pērā i te ngāwari ki te tukatuka, ngā āhuatanga wera-tinana me ngā āhuatanga miihini, ngā hiahia o ngā tono mahi. Kei roto i te āheinga hanga matihiko kapia te wairewa i roto i ngā whakarewa, te matotoru rewa (rerenga) me ngā panoni matotoru, me ngā panoni wā tiēre me te pāmahana (matapihi tukanga). Ko te hanganga o te hanganga kapia me te whiriwhiri i te pāmahana tauhohenga e whakatau ana i te tere o te tauhohenga matū (tere whakaora), ngā āhuatanga rheological matū (matotoru-mahana ki te wā), me te thermodynamics tauhohenga matū (exothermic). He rerekē ngā whakaritenga mō te matotoru kapia i ngā tukanga rerekē. I te nuinga o te wā, mō te tukanga takai, ko te matotoru kapia he tata ki te 500cPs; mō te tukanga pultrusion, ko te matotoru kapia he tata ki te 800~1200cPs; mō te tukanga whakauru korehau, ko te matotoru kapia he tata ki te 300cPs, ā, tera pea he teitei ake te tukanga RTM, engari i te nuinga o te wā, kāore e neke ake i te 800cPs; Mō te tukanga prepreg, me teitei te matotoru, tata ki te 30000~50000cPs. Ko te tikanga, e pā ana ēnei whakaritenga matotoru ki ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga, ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi tonu, ā, ehara i te mea pumau. I te nuinga o te wā, i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka heke te matotoru o te kapia i te awhe pāmahana o raro; heoi, i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka haere tonu te tauhohenga whakamaroke o te kapia, i roto i te reo kinetika, ka piki rua te tere tauhohenga mō ia pikinga 10℃, ā, he pai tonu tēnei whakatau tata mō te whakatau tata i te wā e piki ake ai te matotoru o te pūnaha kapia tauhohe ki tētahi pūwāhi matotoru nui. Hei tauira, e 50 meneti te roa mō te pūnaha kapia me te matotoru o te 200cPs i te 100℃ ki te whakanui ake i tōna matotoru ki te 1000cPs, kātahi ka tata ki te 25 meneti te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te pūnaha kapia kotahi ki te whakanui ake i tōna matotoru tuatahi mai i raro i te 200cPs ki te 1000cPs i te 110℃. Me whai whakaaro katoa te kōwhiringa o ngā tawhā tukanga ki te matotoru me te wā tiēre. Hei tauira, i roto i te tukanga whakauru korehau, me whakarite kia noho te matotoru i te pāmahana mahi i roto i te awhe matotoru e hiahiatia ana e te tukanga, ā, me roa te ora o te kapia i tēnei pāmahana kia taea ai te kawemai i te kapia. Hei whakarāpopototanga, me whai whakaaro te kōwhiringa momo kapia i roto i te tukanga werohanga ki te ira tio, te wā whakakī me te pāmahana o te rauemi. He rite tonu te āhuatanga o ētahi atu tukanga.
I roto i te tukanga whakakoi, ko te rahi me te āhua o te wāhanga (pokepokea), te momo whakakaha, me ngā tawhā tukanga e whakatau ana i te tere whakawhiti wera me te tukanga whakawhiti papatipu o te tukanga. Ka rongoatia e te kapia te wera wera-waho, e puta mai ana i te hanganga o ngā hononga matū. Ko te nui ake o ngā hononga matū e hangaia ana mō ia wae rōrahi mō ia wae wā, ko te nui ake o te pūngao e tukuna ana. Ko ngā tauwehenga whakawhiti wera o ngā kapia me ō rātou polymer he tino iti. Ko te tere o te tango wera i te wā polymerization kāore e taea te ōrite ki te tere whakaputa wera. Ko ēnei nui piki haere o te wera ka tere ake te haere o ngā tauhohenga matū, ka hua ake he nui ake. Ko tēnei tauhohenga tere-ake ka arahi ki te rahunga ahotea, ki te hekenga rānei o te wāhanga. He nui ake te kitea o tēnei i roto i te hanga o ngā wāhanga hiato matotoru nui, ā, he mea tino nui kia arotauhia te ara tukanga whakaora. Ko te raruraru o te "rahi rawa o te pāmahana" ā-rohe i puta mai i te tere wera-waho teitei o te whakaora i mua i te whakarite, me te rerekētanga āhua (pēnei i te rerekētanga pāmahana) i waenga i te matapihi tukanga ā-ao me te matapihi tukanga ā-rohe, nā te pehea te whakahaere i te tukanga whakaora. Ko te "ōrite pāmahana" i roto i te wāhanga (ina koa i te ahunga matotoru o te wāhanga), hei whakatutuki i te "ōrite pāmahana" e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakaritenga (te whakamahinga rānei) o ētahi "hangarau wae" i roto i te "pūnaha hanga". Mō ngā wāhanga angiangi, nā te mea ka marara te nui o te wera ki te taiao, ka piki mārire te pāmahana, ā, i ētahi wā kāore te wāhanga e tino maroke. I tēnei wā, me whakamahi te wera āwhina hei whakaoti i te tauhohenga hononga-whiti, arā, te whakamahana tonu.
Ko te hangarau hanga rauemi hiato kore-autoclave he rite ki te hangarau hanga autoclave tuku iho. I te nuinga o te wā, ko tetahi tikanga hanga rauemi hiato kāore e whakamahi i ngā taputapu autoclave ka taea te kī ko te hangarau hanga kore-autoclave. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, ko te whakamahinga o te hangarau hanga kore-autoclave i roto i te ao rererangi ko ngā huarahi e whai ake nei: te hangarau prepreg kore-autoclave, te hangarau hanga wai, te hangarau hanga kōpeketanga prepreg, te hangarau whakaora ngaruiti, te hangarau whakaora hihi hiko, te hangarau hanga wai pēhanga taurite. I roto i ēnei hangarau, ko te hangarau prepreg OoA (Outof Autoclave) he tata ake ki te tukanga hanga autoclave tuku iho, ā, he whānuitia ngā turanga tukanga whakatakoto ā-ringa me te whakatakoto aunoa, nō reira e kiia ana he papanga kore-whatu ka taea te whakatutuki i runga i te tauine nui. Hangarau hanga autoclave. Ko tētahi take nui mō te whakamahi i te autoclave mō ngā wāhanga hiato mahi-teitei ko te whakarato i te pēhanga nui ki te prepreg, nui atu i te pēhanga kohu o tētahi hau i te wā e whakamaroke ana, hei aukati i te hanganga o ngā pore, ā, koinei te uauatanga matua e hiahiatia ana e te hangarau prepreg OoA. He paearu nui tēnei hei aromatawai i te kounga o te OoA prepreg me tana tukanga whakapūtanga, arā, mēnā ka taea te whakahaere i te porosity o te wāhanga i raro i te pēhanga korehau, ā, mēnā ka taea e tana mahi te eke ki te mahi o te laminate kua whakamaroketia i roto i te autoclave.
I ahu mai te whanaketanga o te hangarau OoA prepreg i te whanaketanga o te kapia. E toru ngā kaupapa matua o te whanaketanga o ngā kapia mō ngā OoA prepreg: ko te tuatahi ko te whakahaere i te porosity o ngā wāhanga i hangaia, pērā i te whakamahi i ngā kapia kua tauhohenga-whakaora hei whakaiti i ngā mea rere i roto i te tauhohenga whakaora; ko te tuarua ko te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā kapia kua whakaora. Hei whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga kapia i hangaia e te tukanga autoclave, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga wera me ngā āhuatanga miihini; ko te tuatoru ko te whakarite kia pai te hanga o te prepreg, pērā i te whakarite kia rere te kapia i raro i te pikinga pēhanga o te pēhanga hau, kia roa te ora matotoru me te pāmahana rūma e ranea ana i waho, me ētahi atu. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaihanga rauemi mata te rangahau me te whanaketanga rauemi kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa me ngā tikanga tukanga motuhake. Ko ngā aronga matua me uru ki: te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini, te whakanui ake i te wā o waho, te whakaiti i te pāmahana whakaora, me te whakapai ake i te ātete makuku me te wera. Ko ētahi o ēnei whakapainga mahi he taupatupatu, pērā i te pakari teitei me te whakaora pāmahana iti. Me kimi e koe he taurite me te whakaaroaro whānui!
Haunga te whanaketanga o te kapia, ka whakatairangahia hoki e te tikanga hanga o te prepreg te whanaketanga tono o te OoA prepreg. I kitea e te rangahau te hiranga o ngā hongere korehau prepreg mō te hanga i ngā paparanga kore-porosity. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau i muri mai ka taea e ngā prepreg kua whakakīia-haurua te whakapai ake i te uruhanga hau. Ka whakakīia-haurua ngā prepreg OoA ki te kapia, ā, ka whakamahia ngā muka maroke hei hongere mō te hau putanga. Ko ngā hau me ngā mea whakakorikori e uru ana ki te whakamaroke i te wāhanga ka taea te whakaputa putanga mā roto i ngā hongere kia iti iho i te 1% te porosity o te wāhanga whakamutunga.
Ko te tukanga tākai korehau kei roto i te tukanga hanga kore-autoclave (OoA). I roto i te poto, he tukanga hanga e hiri ana i te hua i waenga i te pokepokea me te putea korehau, ā, ka pēhia te hua mā te whakakorekore kia pai ake te kiato o te hua, kia pai ake ai ngā āhuatanga miihini. Ko te tukanga hanga matua ko
Tuatahi, ka pania he kai tuku, he kakahu tuku rānei ki te pokepokea whakatakoto (ki te pepa karāhe rānei). Ka tirohia te prepreg kia rite ki te paerewa o te prepreg e whakamahia ana, tae atu ki te matotoru o te mata, te nui o te kapia, te matū pupuhi me ētahi atu mōhiohio o te prepreg. Tapahia te prepreg kia rite ki te rahi. I te tapahi, kia aro ki te ahunga o ngā muka. Ko te tikanga, me iti iho i te 1° te rerekētanga o te ahunga o ngā muka. Tauhia ia wae whakakorenga ka tuhia te maha o te prepreg. I te whakatakoto paparanga, me whakatakoto ngā paparanga kia rite ki te raupapa whakatakoto e hiahiatia ana i runga i te pepa rekoata whakatakoto, ā, me hono te kiriata PE, te pepa tuku rānei i te ahunga o ngā muka, ā, me whai ngā mirumiru hau i te ahunga o ngā muka. Ka horahia e te waru te prepreg ka waruhia kia taea ai te tango i te hau i waenga i ngā paparanga. I te whakatakoto, i ētahi wā me hono ngā prepreg, me hono i te ahunga o te muka. I roto i te tukanga honohono, me tutuki te taupatupatu me te iti o te taupatupatu, ā, me whakarite kia rite ngā hononga honohono o ia paparanga. Ko te tikanga, ko te āputa honohono o te prepreg kotahi-ara koia tēnei. 1mm; ko te prepreg whiri anake ka whakaaetia kia taupatupatu, kaua e taupatupatu, ā, ko te whānui o te taupatupatu he 10~15mm. Muri iho, kia aro ki te whakakīkī i mua i te korehau, ā, ka rerekē te matotoru o te papu i mua i te mahi i runga i ngā whakaritenga rerekē. Ko te kaupapa he tuku i te hau kua mau i roto i te whakatakotoranga me ngā mea whakakorikori i roto i te prepreg kia pai ai te kounga o roto o te wāhanga. Kātahi ka whakatakotoria ngā rauemi āwhina me te pēke korehau. Te hiri me te whakamaroke i te pēke: Ko te whakaritenga whakamutunga ko te kore e taea te turuturu o te hau. Kia mahara: Ko te wāhi e maha ana te turuturu o te hau ko te hononga hiri.
Ka whakaputa hoki mātoute haereere tika o te muka karāhe,whāriki muka karāhe, mata karāhe, mete haereere whatu muka karāhe.
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Wā tuku: Mei-23-2022
