ngā purongo

muka karāhe(he muka karāhe anō hoki) he momo rauemi kore-whakarewa kore-waro hou, he pai ake te mahi.

He whānui te whakamahinga o te muka karāhe, ā, kei te whānui haere tonu. I roto i te wā poto, ka puta tonu te tipu o ngā ahumahi nui e whā e hiahiatia ana i raro i te tono (ngā taputapu hiko, ngā waka hiko hou, te hiko hau, me te 5G). I roto i te wā roa, ka tere te tipu o te muka karāhe me ōna hua i te heke mai, ka piki ake te tere urunga ki ngā momo mara tono, ā, ka whānui te wāhi mākete ahumahi.

I tēnei wā, kua hangaia e tōku whenua tētahi mekameka ahumahi katoa o te muka karāhe (miro taketake), ngā hua muka karāhe me ngā rauemi hiato muka karāhe, e wehea ana kia toru ngā wāhanga: o runga, o waenga me o raro.

Kei te awa whakarunga ngā rauemi mata e tika ana mō te hanga muka karāhe, tae atu ki te keri konganuku, te pūngao, te matū me ētahi atu ahumahi.

Kei waenganui o te mekameka ahumahi te hanga muka karāhe. Mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi mata o runga me ngā tukanga ahurei, muka karāhee kopikopiko anaā, ka hangaia ngā hua kakahu me ngā hua kore-whatu i hangaia ki te muka karāhe. Ka tukatukahia anō ēnei hua hei hua hiato whakamutunga.

Ko ngā ahumahi o raro e uru ana ki te hanganga whenua, te tiaki taiao, te tiaki pūngao, te pūngao hou, me te kawe waka.

Te mekameka ahumahi muka karāhe:

muka karāhe: Ngā rauemi mata o te awa

I roto i te hanganga utu o ngā hua muka karāhe, he nui te tuku o ngā rauemi mata o te muka karāhe, ā, he nui te ōwehenga o te utu.

Ko ngā rauemi mata o te muka karāhe i runga ake ko ngā rauemi mata o te konganuku pēnei i te pyrophyllite, te kaolin, te kōhatu, me ētahi atu, e hangaia ana mā te rewa pāmahana teitei, te kukume waea, te takai, te raranga me ētahi atu tukanga, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi o raro mā te hanga hua muka karāhe me ngā rauemi hiato muka karāhe.

He nui ngā painga rauemi o te onepū kuata me te pyrophyllite o tōku whenua, ā, he iti te piki me te heke o ngā utu, he iti noa te pānga ki te umanga muka karāhe whānui.

Ko te pūngao hiko te tuarua o ngā mea nui rawa atu i roto i te hanga muka karāhe, ko te nuinga ko te hau māori, te konukawata me te rhodium. I roto i te tukanga whakaputa muka karāhe, he nui te whakawhirinaki o ngā umanga tuhi oumu kaukau ki te pūngao whakamahana, pērā i te hau māori, te hiko, me ngā rauemi hanga pērā i ngā pūwero konukawata-rhodium.

Midstream: Ngā Hua muka karāhe

Ko ngā hua muka karāhe te nuinga o te wā ka wehea ki ngā hua kore-whatu me ngā hua kakahu.

Ko ngā hua kore-whatu e pā ana ki ngā hua i hangaia ki ngā muka karāhe mā roto i ngā tikanga kore-whatu (tikanga miihini, matū, wera rānei), tae atu ki ngā whāriki muka karāhe (pērā ikakau tapatapahid whārikis,

(ngā whāriki tonu, ngā whāriki werohia ki te ngira, me ētahi atu) me ngā muka mira.

Te whakarōpūtanga taumata-rua o ngā rauemi hiato muka karāhe:

E ai ki te hanganga, ka taea te wehewehe i te muka karāhe ki ngā muka karāhe ātete-waikawa kore-waikawa, te karāhe waenga-waikawa, te karāhe teitei-waikawa me te ātete-waikawa kore-waikawa. I roto i ēnei, ko te muka karāhe kore-waikawa te mea matua o te mākete, ā, neke atu i te 95% te kaha whakaputa.

E ai ki te rahi o te diameter o te monofilament, ka taea te wehewehe kia toru ngā raupapa: te hurihuri, te hurihuri miro me te miro hiko. I roto i ēnei, he maha ngā wā ka whakaranua te hurihuri ki te kapia hei hanga kirihou whakakaha muka karāhe (kirihou whakakaha muka karāhe);miroe kopikopiko ana ka taea te hanga hei hua kakahu muka karāhe; ka whatuhia te miro hiko ki roto i te kakahu muka karāhe, e whakamahia ana hei hanga paparanga parahi hei rauemi mata mō ngā papa hiko tā.

Mai i te tirohanga o te ōwehenga o te kaha whakaputa, ko te putanga o te haereere i tōku whenua e 70%-75% pea, engari i te whakakorenga me te whakarerekētanga o te kaha whakaputa haereere, ka heke haere te ōwehenga o te haereere.

Ngā wāhi tono o raro

Ehara te muka karāhe i te momo whakamutunga o ngā tono o raro, engari e whakamahia ana hei hua takawaenga me ngā hua o raro hei hanga rauemi hiato muka karāhe hei whakarei ake i te mahi whānui o te rauemi.

He tino marara te ahunga whakamua o te umanga muka karāhe, ā, he hononga tata ki te ōhanga whānui.

I tēnei wā, ko ngā rauemi hanga whare, te kawe waka, te ahumahi me te mana hau ngā ahumahi matua o te muka karāhe, ā, e 87% o te hanganga tono muka karāhe e whā ngā ahumahi e whai pānga ana ki tēnei.

I raro i te papamuri o te "waro takirua", ka whakatairangahia e ngā kaupapa here te whakatikatika i te hanganga pūngao, e tumanakohia ana ka mau tonu te kaha o te haumitanga hiko hau, e tumanakohia ana ka hoki haere te tono mo te hiko hau, ā, kua piki haere te tere urunga o ngā waka hiko hou, ka piki ake te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi muka karāhe e pā ana, ā, kei te pai tonu te tipu o te taha tono mō te wā waenga me te wā roa.

I roto i te umanga hiko hau, ko te muka karāhe te mea nui e whakamahia ana mō te hanga i ngā mata hiko hau me ngā uhi nacelle. Kua riro a Haina hei mākete hiko hau nui rawa atu o te ao.

Nā te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga hiko hau o tōku whenua i akiaki te tere o te tipu o te tono mō te muka karāhe me ōna hua. I te whanaketanga tonu o te umanga hiko hau a meake nei, me te whakatinanatanga o te maha o ngā raina whakaputa hua hiko hau, he whānui ngā tūmanakohanga mō te whakamahinga o te muka karāhe.

Ko te miro muka karāhe hiko he momo rauemi muka karāhe he pai te whakamarumaru, ka taea te hanga hei kakahu muka karāhe, e whakamahia ana mō te hanga i te raima whakakikoruatia ki te parahi, te papa matua o te papa ara iahiko tā (PCB).

 I runga i te painga utu o nāianei, ko te whakatairanga ake i te hanganga o ngā whare hanga atamai, te whakaiti i ngā utu mahi, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao mā te whakawhiti hangarau whakatika makariri, koinei ngā huarahi matua mā tōku whenua ki te pupuri i ngā painga utu me te whakapakari i te arai utu.

E ai ki te mahere whanaketanga "14th Five-Year" a te China Glass Fiber Industry Association, ko te auahatanga te kaupapa matua hei whakatairanga i te whakatinanatanga o ngā whakahoutanga hanganga taha-tuku i roto i te umanga muka karāhe. Me tino whakahaere i te tipu nui o te kaha whakaputa ahumahi; me whakamahi i te mākete hei aratohu, me mahi pai i roto i te rangahau me te whanaketanga me te whakawhānui ake i te mākete o te muka karāhe me ngā hua; me arotahi ki te whakatairanga i te umanga katoa kia whakapai ake ki te matauranga, te matomato, te rerekētanga me te ao whānui, me te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga kounga teitei.

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