Te whanaketanga okapia polyester kore-mākūNeke atu i te 70 tau te hītori o ngā hua. I roto i tētahi wā poto nei, kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā hua kapia polyester kore mākū i runga i te putanga me te taumata hangarau. Mai i te whanaketanga o ngā hua kapia polyester kore mākū o mua, kua whanake hei tētahi o ngā momo nui rawa atu i roto i te umanga kapia thermosetting. I te whanaketanga o ngā kapia polyester kore mākū, ka puta ake ngā mōhiohio hangarau mō ngā patene hua, ngā maheni pakihi, ngā pukapuka hangarau, me ētahi atu. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, he rau ngā patene hangahanga i ia tau, e pā ana ki te kapia polyester kore mākū. Ka kitea kua pakari haere te hangarau hanga me te tono o te kapia polyester kore mākū me te whanaketanga o te hanga, ā, kua āta hanga i tana ake pūnaha hangarau ahurei me te katoa o te ariā hanga me te tono. I roto i te tukanga whanaketanga o mua, kua whai wāhi motuhake ngā kapia polyester kore mākū ki te whakamahinga whānui. I te heke mai, ka whanake ki ētahi mara kaupapa motuhake, ā, i te wa ano, ka whakaitihia te utu o ngā kapia kaupapa whānui. Ko ngā momo kapia polyester kāore i te mākū, he mea whakamere, ā, he mea whai hua hoki ēnei, tae atu ki: te kapia iti te mimiti, te kapia ātete mura, te kapia whakapakeke, te kapia styrene iti te mimiti, te kapia ātete-waikura, te kapia paninga gel, te kapia whakamaroke mārama. Ngā kapia polyester kāore i te mākū, ngā kapia iti te utu me ngā āhuatanga motuhake, me ngā maihao rākau mahi teitei i hangaia ki ngā rauemi mata me ngā tukanga hou.
1. He iti te whakahekenga o te kapia
He kaupapa tawhito pea tēnei momo kapia. Ka haere tahi te kapia polyester kore-mākū me te whakahekenga nui i te wā e whakamaroke ana, ā, ko te tere whakahekenga whānui ko te 6-10%. Ka taea e tēnei whakahekenga te whakapōturi rawa, te pakaru rānei i te rauemi, ehara i te mea i roto i te tukanga whakakōpeketanga (SMC, BMC). Hei whakakore i tēnei ngoikoretanga, ka whakamahia ngā kapia thermoplastic hei tāpiringa whakahekenga iti. I tukuna he patent mō tēnei wāhanga ki a DuPont i te tau 1934, nama patent US 1.945,307. E whakaahua ana te patent i te copolymerization o ngā waikawa antelopelic dibasic me ngā matū vinyl. I taua wā, i tīmata tēnei patent i te hangarau whakahekenga iti mō ngā kapia polyester. Mai i taua wā, he tokomaha ngā tāngata kua whakatapua ki te ako i ngā pūnaha copolymer, i kiia i taua wā he koranu kirihou. I te tau 1966 i whakamahia tuatahitia ngā kapia whakahekenga iti a Marco i roto i te whakakōpiko me te hanga ahumahi.
Nō muri mai ka tapaina tēnei hua e te Rōpū Ahumahi Kirihou ko "SMC", ko tōna tikanga he matū whakarewa rau, ā, ko tōna matū whakakī-iti i mua i te ranunga ko "BMC" te tikanga he matū whakarewa papatipu. Mō ngā rau SMC, ko te tikanga whānui kia pai te taunga o ngā wāhanga whakarewa-reini, kia ngāwari, kia kanapa hoki, ā, me karo i ngā kapiti iti i runga i te mata, e hiahia ana kia iti te tere whakaheke o te reini ōrite. He pono, he maha ngā patent kua whakapai ake, kua whakapai ake hoki i tēnei hangarau, ā, kua āta pakeke haere te māramatanga ki te tikanga o te pānga whakaheke-iti, ā, kua puta ake ngā momo kaihoko whakaheke-iti, ngā tāpiringa iti rānei i te wā e hiahiatia ana. Ko ngā tāpiringa whakaheke-iti e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te polystyrene, te polymethyl methacrylate me ērā atu mea.
2. Kapia ātete mura
I ētahi wā, he rite te hiranga o ngā rauemi ārai mura ki te whakaora i ngā rongoā, ā, ka taea e ngā rauemi ārai mura te ārai, te whakaiti rānei i te putanga mai o ngā āhuatanga kino. I Ūropi, kua heke te maha o ngā mate ahi mā te 20% i roto i te tekau tau kua hipa nā te whakamahinga o ngā ārai mura. He mea tino nui hoki te haumaru o ngā rauemi ārai mura. He tukanga puhoi, uaua hoki te whakarite i te momo rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te ahumahi. I tēnei wā, kua whakahaerehia e te Hapori Ūropi, ā, kei te whakahaerehia tonutia ngā aromatawai mōrearea mō te maha o ngā ārai mura halogen me ngā halogen-phosphorus. , he maha o ēnei ka oti i waenga i te tau 2004 me te tau 2006. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahi ana tō tātou whenua i ngā diol kei roto te chlorine, te bromine rānei, ngā whakakapinga halogen waikawa dibasic rānei hei rauemi mata hei whakarite i ngā kapia ārai mura tauhohe. Ka puta he nui te paoa i roto i ngā ārai mura halogen i te wā e tahuna ana, ā, ka haere tahi me te whakaputanga o te hauwai halide tino whakapataritari. Ko te paoa matotoru me te paowa paitini i puta i te wā o te tukanga tahunga ka nui te kino ki te tangata.
Neke atu i te 80% o ngā aituā ahi ka puta mai i tēnei. Ko tētahi atu ngoikoretanga o te whakamahi i ngā mea aukati mura e ahu mai ana i te bromine, i te hauwai rānei, ko te puta o ngā hau waikura me ngā hau poke taiao ina tahuna, ka kino ai ngā wāhanga hiko. Mā te whakamahi i ngā mea aukati mura kore-waro pērā i te alumina waikura, te konupora, te tuanui, te molybdenum me ētahi atu tāpiringa aukati mura ka taea te whakaputa i ngā kapia aukati mura iti te paowa me te paitini iti, ahakoa he mārama ngā pānga pehi paowa. Heoi, ki te nui rawa te nui o te whakakī aukati mura kore-waro, ehara i te mea ka piki ake te matotoru o te kapia, kāore e pai mō te hanganga, engari ina tāpirihia he nui o te tāpiringa aukati mura ki te kapia, ka pā ki te kaha miihini me ngā āhuatanga hiko o te kapia i muri i te whakamaroke.
I tēnei wā, he maha ngā patene o tāwāhi kua pūrongo i te hangarau o te whakamahi i ngā aukati mura e ahu mai ana i te phosphorus hei whakaputa i ngā kapia aukati mura iti-paitini me te paowa iti. He nui te pānga aukati mura o ngā aukati mura e ahu mai ana i te phosphorus. Ka taea te whakakotahi i te waikawa metaphosphoric i puta i te wā tahunga ki te āhua polymer pumau, ka hanga he paparanga tiaki, ka hipoki i te mata o te mea tahunga, ka wehea te hāora, ka whakatairanga i te maroke me te waro o te mata kapia, ka hanga he kiriata tiaki waro. Mā te reira ka ārai i te tahunga, ā, i te wā kotahi ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā aukati mura e ahu mai ana i te phosphorus me ngā aukati mura halogen, he pānga tino kitea te mahi tahi. Ko te huarahi rangahau a meake nei mō te kapia aukati mura ko te paowa iti, te paitini iti me te utu iti. Ko te kapia pai rawa atu he kore paowa, he iti te paitini, he iti te utu, kāore e pā ki te kapia, he āhuatanga ā-tinana, kāore e hiahiatia he rauemi tāpiri, ā, ka taea te whakaputa tika i roto i te whare hanga kapia.
3. Te kapia whakapakeke
Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā momo kapia polyester taketake, kua tino pai ake te pakari o te kapia o nāianei. Heoi, i te whanaketanga o te umanga kapia polyester o muri mai, kua nui ake ngā whakaritenga hou kua whakatakotoria mō te mahi a te kapia polyester, inā koa te pakari. Ko te pakarukaru o ngā kapia polyester i muri i te whakamaroke kua tata te noho hei raruraru nui e aukati ana i te whanaketanga o ngā kapia polyester. Ahakoa he hua mahi-ā-ringa i whakarewahia, he hua i whakarewahia, i takaia rānei, ka noho te roa i te whati hei tohu nui mō te aromatawai i te kounga o ngā hua kapia.
I tēnei wā, kei te whakamahi ētahi kaihanga o tāwāhi i te tikanga tāpiri kapia kua kōkō hei whakapai ake i te pakari. Pērā i te tāpiri i te polyester kua kōkō, te rapa styrene-butadiene me te rapa carboxy-terminated (suo-) styrene-butadiene, me ētahi atu, nō te tikanga whakapakari tinana tēnei tikanga. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei whakauru i ngā pūmua poraka ki roto i te mekameka matua o te polyester kāore i kōkō, pērā i te hanganga whatunga whakauru i hangaia e te kapia polyester kāore i kōkō me te kapia epoxy me te kapia polyurethane, e tino whakapai ake ana i te kaha kume me te kaha pānga o te kapia. , nō te tikanga whakapakari matū tēnei tikanga whakapakari. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te whakakotahitanga o te whakapakari tinana me te whakapakari matū, pērā i te whakaranu i te polyester kāore i kōkō he kaha ake te tauhohe ki te rauemi kāore i te tino tauhohe hei whakatutuki i te ngāwari e hiahiatia ana.
I tēnei wā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā rau SMC i roto i te umanga motuka nā te mea he māmā, he kaha teitei, he ātete ki te waikura, me te ngāwari o te hoahoa. Mō ngā wāhanga nui pēnei i ngā panera motuka, ngā tatau o muri, me ngā panera o waho, me kaha te pakari, pēnei i ngā panera o waho o te motuka. Ka taea e ngā parepare te piko ki muri ki te iti o te wāhi ka hoki ki tō rātou āhua taketake i muri i te pānga iti. Ko te whakanui ake i te pakari o te kapia ka ngaro i ētahi atu āhuatanga o te kapia, pēnei i te pakeke, te kaha piko, te ātete wera, me te tere whakamaroke i te wā hanga. Ko te whakapai ake i te pakari o te kapia me te kore e ngaro i ētahi atu āhuatanga o te kapia kua noho hei kaupapa nui i roto i te rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā kapia polyester kore-mākū.
4. He iti te kaha o te kapia styrene
I roto i te tukanga tukatuka i te kapia polyester kāore i te mākū, ka nui te kino o te styrene paitini ki te hauora o ngā kaimahi hanga. I taua wā anō, ka tukuna te styrene ki te rangi, ka nui hoki te parahanga o te rangi. Nō reira, he maha ngā mana whakahaere e whakawhāiti ana i te kukū o te styrene e whakaaetia ana i roto i te hau o te awheawhe whakaputa. Hei tauira, i te United States, ko te taumata whakaaturanga e whakaaetia ana (taumata whakaaturanga e whakaaetia ana) he 50ppm, i te mea i Switzerland ko te uara PEL he 25ppm, he uaua ki te whakatutuki i taua iti o te ihirangi. He iti hoki te whakawhirinaki ki te hauhautanga kaha. I taua wā anō, ka arahi hoki te hauhautanga kaha ki te ngaronga o te styrene mai i te mata o te hua me te mimiti o te nui o te styrene ki te rangi. Nō reira, ki te kimi huarahi hei whakaiti i te mimiti o te styrene, mai i te pūtake, me whakaoti tonu tēnei mahi i roto i te wheketere whakaputa kapia. Mō tēnei, me whakawhanake he kapia styrene volatility iti (LSE) kāore e whakapoke, e whakaiti rānei i te poke o te hau, he kapia polyester kāore he styrene monomers.
Ko te whakaiti i te ihirangi o ngā monomer mimiti he kaupapa i whakawhanakehia e te umanga kapia polyester kore-mātotoru o tāwāhi i ngā tau tata nei. He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā: (1) te tikanga tāpiri i ngā aukati mimiti iti; (2) ko te hanganga o ngā kapia polyester kore-mātotoru me te kore monomer styrene e whakamahi ana i te divinyl, vinylmethylbenzene, α-methyl Styrene hei whakakapi i ngā monomer vinyl kei roto ngā monomer styrene; (3) Ko te hanganga o ngā kapia polyester kore-mātotoru me ngā monomer styrene iti ko te whakamahi tahi i ngā monomer me ngā monomer styrene o runga ake nei, pērā i te whakamahi i te diallyl phthalate. Ko te whakamahinga o ngā monomer vinyl kohua-teitei pērā i ngā esters me ngā copolymers acrylic me ngā monomer styrene: (4) Ko tētahi atu tikanga hei whakaiti i te mimiti o te styrene ko te whakauru i ētahi atu waeine pērā i te dicyclopentadiene me ōna hua ki roto i te angaanga kapia polyester kore-mātotoru, kia iti ai te matotoru, ā, i te mutunga ka whakaitihia te ihirangi o te monomer styrene.
I te rapu huarahi hei whakaoti i te raruraru o te whakakorikori o te styrene, me whakaaroaro whānui te whakamahinga o te kapia ki ngā tikanga whakakorikori o nāianei pēnei i te rehu mata, te tukanga whakakī, te tukanga whakakorikori SMC, te utu o ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga ahumahi, me te hototahi ki te pūnaha kapia. , te tauhohenga o te kapia, te matotoru, ngā āhuatanga miihini o te kapia i muri i te whakakorikori, me ētahi atu. I tōku whenua, kāore he ture mārama mō te whakawhāiti i te whakakorikori o te styrene. Heoi, me te whakapai ake i ngā paerewa oranga o te tangata me te whakapai ake i te mōhiotanga o te tangata ki ō rātou ake hauora me te tiaki taiao, he mea noa iho te wā ka hiahiatia he ture e tika ana mō tētahi whenua kaihoko kāore i te makona pēnei i a tātou.
5. Kapia ātete-waikura
Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga nui o ngā kapia polyester kāore i te mākū ko tōna ātete ki te waikura ki ngā matū pēnei i ngā whakarewa waro, ngā waikawa, ngā turanga, me ngā tote. E ai ki ngā tohunga whatunga kapia kāore i te mākū, kua wehea ngā kapia ātete-waikura o nāianei ki ēnei wāhanga e whai ake nei: (1) momo o-benzene; (2) momo iso-benzene; (3) momo p-benzene; (4) momo bisphenol A; (5) momo vinyl ester; me ētahi atu pēnei i te momo xylene, te momo pūhui kei roto he halogen, me ētahi atu. Whai muri i ngā tekau tau o te rangahau tonu a ngā whakatipuranga maha o ngā kaipūtaiao, kua tino rangahauhia te waikura o te kapia me te tikanga o te ātete ki te waikura. Ka whakarerekētia te kapia mā ngā tikanga maha, pēnei i te whakauru i tētahi anga ngota uaua ki te ātete ki te waikura ki roto i te kapia polyester kāore i te mākū, te whakamahi rānei i te polyester kāore i te mākū, te vinyl ester me te isocyanate hei hanga i tētahi hanganga whatunga whakauru, he mea tino nui tēnei hei whakapai ake i te ātete waikura o te kapia. He tino whai hua te ātete waikura, ā, ka taea hoki e te kapia i hangaia mā te tikanga whakaranu i te kapia waikawa te whakatutuki i te ātete waikura pai ake.
Ki te whakataurite kingā kapia epoxy,Ko te iti o te utu me te ngāwari o te tukatuka i ngā kapia polyester kāore i te mākū kua waiho hei painga nui. E ai ki ngā tohunga kupenga kapia polyester kāore i te mākū, ko te ātete ki te waikura o te kapia polyester kāore i te mākū, inā koa te ātete ki te kawakore, he iti iho i te kapia epoxy. Kāore e taea te whakakapi i te kapia epoxy. I tēnei wā, kua puta he whai wāhitanga me he wero mō ngā kapia polyester kāore i te mākū nā te pikinga ake o ngā papa ārai-waikura. Nō reira, he whānui ngā tirohanga ki te whanaketanga o ngā kapia ārai-waikura motuhake.
He mea nui te paninga ira i roto i ngā rauemi hiato. Ehara i te mea he mahi whakapaipai anake i runga i te mata o ngā hua FRP, engari he mahi anō hoki ki te ātete ki te kakahu, ki te ātete ki te koroheketanga me te ātete ki te waikura matū. E ai ki ngā tohunga o te whatunga kapia kore-mākū, ko te ahunga whanaketanga o te kapia paninga ira ko te whakawhanake i te kapia paninga ira me te iti o te styrene te mimiti, te maroke pai i te hau me te ātete ki te waikura kaha. He mākete nui mō ngā paninga ira ātete-wera i roto i ngā kapia paninga ira. Mena ka rumakina te rauemi FRP ki te wai wera mō te wā roa, ka puta he pupuhi ki runga i te mata. I taua wā anō, nā te mimiti haere o te wai ki roto i te rauemi hiato, ka whānui haere ngā pupuhi o te mata. Ehara i te mea ka pā noa ngā pupuhi ki te āhua o te paninga ira, ka whakaiti haere hoki i ngā āhuatanga kaha o te hua.
Ka whakamahia e Cook Composites and Polymers Co. o Kansas, USA, ngā tikanga epoxy me te glycidyl ether-terminated hei hanga i tētahi kapia paninga gel he iti te matotoru me te ātete pai ki te wai me te whakarewa. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia hoki e te kamupene te kapia polyether polyol-modified me te epoxy-terminated A (kapia ngāwari) me te kapia B (kapia pakari) kua whakarerekētia e te dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), ā, e rua ēnei he pai te ātete ki te wai o te kapia ātete wai, engari he pai hoki te pakari me te kaha. Ka uru ngā whakarewa, ngā matū iti-ngota rānei ki roto i te pūnaha rauemi FRP mā te paparanga paninga gel, ka noho hei kapia ātete-wai me ngā āhuatanga whānui tino pai.
7. Te kapia polyester kore-mākū e whakaora ana i te mārama
Ko ngā āhuatanga whakamaroke mārama o te kapia polyester kāore i te mākūkū ko te roa o te ora o te ipu me te tere o te whakamaroke. Ka taea e ngā kapia polyester kāore i te mākūkū te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te whakawhāiti i te whakakorikori o te styrene mā te whakamaroke mārama. Nā te whanaketanga o ngā kaiwhakaahua whakaahua me ngā taputapu whakamārama, kua whakatakotoria te turanga mō te whanaketanga o ngā kapia photocurable. He maha ngā kapia polyester kāore i te mākūkū ka taea te whakamaroke UV kua angitu te whakawhanake me te tuku ki te hanga i roto i te nui o te rahinga. Kua pai ake ngā āhuatanga rauemi, te mahi tukanga me te ātete kakahu mata, ā, kua pai ake hoki te whai huatanga o te whakaputa mā te whakamahi i tēnei tukanga.
8. He kapia iti te utu me ngā āhuatanga motuhake
Kei roto i ēnei kapia ngā kapia pahuka me ngā kapia wai. I tēnei wā, kei te piki haere te iti o te kaha rakau. He iti hoki ngā kaiwhakahaere mohio e mahi ana i roto i te umanga tukatuka rakau, ā, kei te piki haere te utu mō ēnei kaimahi. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka hangaia he āhuatanga mō ngā kirihou hangarau kia uru atu ki te mākete rakau. Ka whakawhanakehia ngā kapia pahuka kore-mākū me ngā kapia kei roto he wai hei rakau horihori i roto i te umanga tāonga nā te mea he iti te utu me te kaha o ngā āhuatanga. Ka puhoi te tono i te tīmatanga, ā, me te whakapai tonu i te hangarau tukatuka, ka tere te whakawhanake i tēnei tono.
Ka taea te whakapūpū i ngā kapia polyester kore-mākū hei hanga kapia pahuka ka taea te whakamahi hei panera pakitara, hei wehewehe kaukau kua oti te hanga, me ētahi atu. He pai ake te pakari me te kaha o te kirihou pahuka me te kapia polyester kore-mākū hei anga i te PS pahuka; he māmā ake te tukatuka i te PVC pahuka; he iti ake te utu i te kirihou polyurethane pahuka, ā, mā te tāpiri i ngā mea ārai mura ka taea hoki te ārai mura me te ārai koroheketanga. Ahakoa kua tino whanakehia te hangarau tono o te kapia, kāore anō kia arohia te tono o te kapia polyester kore-mākū pahuka ki roto i ngā taonga. Whai muri i te rangahau, he nui te hiahia o ētahi kaihanga kapia ki te whakawhanake i tēnei momo rauemi hou. Kāore anō kia tino whakatauhia ētahi take nui (te kiri, te hanganga honikoma, te whanaungatanga wā huka-kiri, te whakahaere pihi exothermic i mua i te hanga arumoni. Kia whiwhi rā anō i tētahi whakautu, ka taea anake te whakamahi i tēnei kapia nā te iti o te utu i roto i te umanga taonga. Kia whakatauhia ēnei raruraru, ka whakamahia whānuitia tēnei kapia ki ngā wāhi pēnei i ngā rauemi ārai mura pahuka, kaua ki te whakamahi noa i tōna ōhanga.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā kapia polyester kore-mākū kei roto i te wai kia rua ngā momo: te momo wairewa-wai me te momo emulsion. Mai anō i te tekau tau atu i 1960, kua puta ngā patent me ngā pūrongo tuhinga mō tēnei kaupapa. Ko te kapia kei roto i te wai he tāpiri wai hei whakakī i te kapia polyester kore-mākū ki te kapia i mua i te whakakī i te kapia, ā, ka taea te nui o te wai ki te 50%. Ka kiia taua kapia he kapia WEP. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te kapia he iti te utu, he māmā te taumaha i muri i te whakamaroke, he pai te ātete mura me te iti o te whakaheke. I tīmata te whanaketanga me te rangahau i te kapia kei roto i tōku whenua i te tekau tau atu i 1980, ā, he roa te wā. Mō te tono, kua whakamahia hei kaihoko punga. Ko te kapia polyester kore-mākū wai he momo hou o te UPR. Kei te pakari haere te hangarau i roto i te taiwhanga, engari he iti ake te rangahau mō te tono. Ko ngā raruraru me whakaoti atu ko te pumau o te emulsion, ētahi raruraru i roto i te tukanga whakamaroke me te whakakoi, me te raruraru o te whakaae a te kiritaki. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e te kapia polyester kore-mākū 10,000-tana te whakaputa i te 600 tana o te wai para i ia tau. Mēnā ka whakamahia te whakahekenga i puta mai i te tukanga whakaputa o te kapia polyester kore-mākū hei whakaputa kapia kei roto he wai, ka whakaitihia te utu o te kapia, ā, ka whakatauhia te raruraru o te hanga tiaki taiao.
Ko ā mātou mahi he hoko i ngā hua kapia e whai ake nei: kapia polyester kāore i te mākū;kapia winira; kapia paninga tiēre; kapia epoxy.
Ka whakaputa hoki mātoute haereere tika o te muka karāhe,whāriki muka karāhe, mata karāhe, mete haereere whatu muka karāhe.
Whakapā mai ki a mātou:
Tau waea:+8615823184699
Tau waea: +8602367853804
Email:marketing@frp-cqdj.com
Wā tuku: Pipiri-08-2022
